References

All sources cited across the BRIDGE-ACT toolkit, organised by section.

Foundational References

Parsons, K., Hawkes, C., & Wells, R. (2019). Brief 2. Understanding the food system: Why it matters for food policy and food system transformation. Centre for Food Policy, City, University of London, and Rethink Food, London, England.

https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/22795/

Provides the 'flower diagram' framework of 38 food system elements across six interconnected domains - Politics, Economy, Health, Environment, Society, and the Food System at the core - that underpins the BRIDGE-ACT interactive map.

Bhunnoo, R., & Poppy, G. M. (2020). Transdisciplinary approaches for food systems research. Nature Food.

nature.com/articles/s43016-019-0019-8

Cited in the context that research aimed at transforming food systems requires transdisciplinary approaches that merge natural and social sciences and involve external stakeholders.

Used in:Our Story

Facer, K., & Enright, B. (2016). Creating Living Knowledge: The Connected Communities Programme, community–university relationships and the participatory turn in the production of knowledge. University of Bristol/AHRC Connected Communities Programme, Bristol.

research-information.bris.ac.uk

Cited in reference to the broader 'participatory turn' in academia that BRIDGE-ACT's co-production approach aligns with.

Used in:Our Story

Edwards, J., & Mercer, C. (2010). Community food mapping. Journal of the Community Development Society, 42(3).

onlinelibrary.wiley.com

Cited in the 'Why This Format?' section in support of community-based food mapping approaches.

Used in:Home

Domagk, S., et al. (2010). Interactive, context-based visualisation and learning retention. Computers in Human Behavior.

sciencedirect.com

Cited in the 'Why This Format?' section on interactive visualisation improving engagement and retention.

Used in:Home

Reed, M. S., et al. (2025). Real-world maps and strategic decision-making. Journal of Environmental Management.

sciencedirect.com

Cited in the 'Why This Format?' section on using real-world maps for strategic, place-based decision-making.

Used in:Home

Scottish Government. (2022). Good Food Nation (Scotland) Act 2022. Legislation.gov.uk.

legislation.gov.uk

Referenced in the 'Who Is It For?' section as a key piece of Scottish legislation underpinning food policy work.

Used in:Home

Scottish Government. (2015). Community Empowerment (Scotland) Act 2015. Scottish Government.

gov.scot

Referenced in the 'Who Is It For?' section as the legislative context for community participation in local food decisions.

Used in:Home

Lang, L., et al. (2009). Analyzing problem framing in design teams: A systems mapping approach. AI EDAM: Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing.

cambridge.org

Cited in the 'Who Is It For?' section on knowledge integration and systems mapping for multi-stakeholder contexts.

Used in:Home

Technopolis Group. (2025). Transforming UK Food Systems SPF Programme: Interim Impact Evaluation Report. Technopolis Group.

technopolis-group.com

Referenced in the 'Advisors and Collaborators' section to evidence the broader TUKFS programme context and impact.

Used in:About
Food System

Afshin, A., Sur, P. J., Fay, K. A., Cornaby, L., Ferrara, G., Salama, J. S., Mullany, E. C., Abate, K. H., Abbafati, C., Abebe, Z., Afarideh, M., Aggarwal, A., Agrawal, S., Akinyemiju, T., Al-Aly, Z., & Murray, C. J. L. (2019). Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 393(10184), 1958–1972.

doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8

Chen, S. (2025). Linking sustainable food systems and dietary diversity among agricultural communities: An ESG-based analysis. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 9, 1660246.

doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1660246

Clapp, J., Moseley, W. G., Burlingame, B., & Termine, P. (2025). The case for a new food system governance paradigm. Nature Food. Advance online publication.

doi.org/10.1038/s43016-025-01134-x

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (2018). Sustainable food systems: Concept and framework. FAO.

fao.org/3/ca2079en/CA2079EN.pdf

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2019). Climate change and land: An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. IPCC.

ipcc.ch/srccl

International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems. (2017). Too big to feed: Exploring the impacts of mega-mergers, consolidation and concentration of power in the agri-food sector. IPES-Food.

ipes-food.org

Parsons, K., & Barling, D. (2021). Food systems transformation: What is in the policy toolbox? Food Systems and Policy Research Group, University of Hertfordshire.

ukfoodsystems.ukri.org

Public Health Scotland. (2024). Diet and healthy weight: A population health perspective. Public Health Scotland.

publichealthscotland.scot

Scapin, T., Fernandes, A. C., & da Costa Proença, R. P. (2025). Food environments, ultra-processed foods, and obesity: A systems perspective. Nature Food. Advance online publication.

doi.org/10.1038/s43016-025-01061-x

Zurek, M., Hebinck, A., & Selomane, O. (2021). Looking across diverse food system futures: Implications for climate change and the environment. Q Open, 1(1), qoaa001.

doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoaa001

Politics

Clapp, J., Vriezen, R., Laila, A., Conti, C., Gordon, L., Hicks, C., & Rao, N. (2025). Corporate concentration and power matter for agency in food systems. Food Policy, 124, 102897.

doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102897

Donner, M., Mamès, M., & de Vries, H. (2024). Towards sustainable food systems: A review of governance models and an innovative conceptual framework. Discover Sustainability, 5, 414.

doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00648-x

International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (IPES-Food). (2017). Too big to feed: Exploring the impacts of mega-mergers, concentration, and concentration of power in the agri-food sector. IPES-Food.

ipes-food.org

Parsons, K., & Barling, D. (2021). Food systems transformation: What is in the policy toolbox? A report for the UKRI Transforming the UK Food System Programme. Food Systems and Policy Research Group, University of Hertfordshire.

ukfoodsystems.ukri.org

Public Health Scotland. (2024). Diet and healthy weight: A population health perspective. Public Health Scotland.

publichealthscotland.scot

UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). (2025). Transforming UK food systems (TUKFS) programme: Interim impact evaluation – Annex (Job No. 30303267). UK Research and Innovation.

ukri.org

Health

Adams, J., Mytton, O., White, M., & Monsivais, P. (2016). Why are some population interventions for diet and obesity more equitable and effective than others? The role of individual agency. PLoS Medicine, 13(4), e1001990.

doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001990

Afshin, A., Sur, P. J., Fay, K. A., Cornaby, L., Ferrara, G., Salama, J. S., … Murray, C. J. L. (2019). Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990–2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet, 393(10184), 1958–1972.

doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30041-8

Burgaz, C., Gorasso, V., Achten, W. M. J., Batis, C., Castronuovo, L., Diouf, A., Vandevijvere, S., Asiki, G., Swinburne, B. A., Unar-Munguía, M., Devleesschauwer, B., & Sacks, G. (2023). The effectiveness of food system policies to improve nutrition, nutrition-related inequalities and environmental sustainability: A scoping review. Food Security, 15, 1313–1344.

doi.org/10.1007/s12571-023-01385-1

Chen, S., Haffeez, A., & Arshad, M. (2025). Linking sustainable food systems and dietary diversity among agricultural communities: An ESG-based analysis. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 9, 1660246.

doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1660246

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2018). Sustainable food systems: Concept and framework. FAO.

fao.org/3/ca2079en/CA2079EN.pdf

International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (IPES-Food). (2017). Too big to feed: Exploring the impacts of mega-mergers, concentration, and concentration of power in the agri-food sector. IPES-Food.

ipes-food.org

Parsons, K., & Barling, D. (2021). Food systems transformation: What is in the policy toolbox? A report for the UKRI Transforming the UK Food System Programme. Food Systems and Policy Research Group, University of Hertfordshire.

ukfoodsystems.ukri.org

Public Health Scotland. (2024). Diet and healthy weight: A population health perspective. Public Health Scotland.

publichealthscotland.scot

Scapin, T., Romaniuk, H., Feeley, A., Corrêa, K. P., Kupka, R., Gomez-Donoso, C., Orellana, L., Gupta, A., Sacks, G., & Cameron, A. J. (2025). Global food retail environments are increasingly dominated by large chains and linked to the rising prevalence of obesity. Nature Food, 6, 283–295.

doi.org/10.1038/s43016-025-01134-x

UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). (2025). Transforming UK food systems (TUKFS) programme: Interim impact evaluation – Annex (Job No. 30303267). UK Research and Innovation.

ukri.org

Environment

Donner, M., Mamès, M., & de Vries, H. (2024). Towards sustainable food systems: A review of governance models and an innovative conceptual framework. Discover Sustainability, 5, 414.

doi.org/10.1007/s43621-024-00648-x

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2018). Sustainable food systems: Concept and framework. FAO.

fao.org/3/ca2079en/CA2079EN.pdf

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2019). Climate change and land: An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. Summary for policymakers. IPCC.

ipcc.ch/srccl

International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (IPES-Food). (2017). Too big to feed: Exploring the impacts of mega-mergers, concentration, and concentration of power in the agri-food sector. IPES-Food.

ipes-food.org

Ivanovich, C. C., Sun, T., Gordon, D. R., & Ocko, I. B. (2023). Future warming from global food consumption. Nature Climate Change, 13, 297–302.

doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01605-8

Niu, H., Li, Z., Zhang, C., & Li, M. (2024). Sustainable food systems under environmental footprints: The delicate balance from farm to table. Science of the Total Environment, 954, 176761.

doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176761

Parsons, K., & Barling, D. (2021). Food systems transformation: What is in the policy toolbox? A report for the UKRI Transforming the UK Food System Programme. Food Systems and Policy Research Group, University of Hertfordshire.

ukfoodsystems.ukri.org

Zurek, M., Hebinck, A., & Selomane, O. (2021). Looking across diverse food system futures: Implications for climate change and the environment. Q Open, 1(1), qoaa001.

doi.org/10.1093/qopen/qoaa001

Society

Grohmann, P., Dietze, V., Krämer, C., & Feindt, P. H. (2023). Governance and trust in sustainability-based agri-food value chains: A comparative analysis of five cases in Germany. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 7, 1130895.

doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1130895

International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (IPES-Food). (2017). Too big to feed: Exploring the impacts of mega-mergers, concentration, and concentration of power in the agri-food sector. IPES-Food.

ipes-food.org

O'Connor, G., Reis, K., Desha, C., & others. (2025). Valuing farmers in transitions to more sustainable food systems: A systematic literature review of local food producers' experiences and contributions in short food supply chains. Agriculture and Human Values, 42, 565–592.

doi.org/10.1007/s10460-024-10601-3

Parsons, K., & Barling, D. (2021). Food systems transformation: What is in the policy toolbox? A report for the UKRI Transforming the UK Food System Programme. Food Systems and Policy Research Group, University of Hertfordshire.

ukfoodsystems.ukri.org

Public Health Scotland. (2024). Diet and healthy weight: A population health perspective. Public Health Scotland.

publichealthscotland.scot

Pyburn, R., Slavchevska, V., & Kruijssen, F. (2023). Gender dynamics in agrifood value chains: Advances in research and practice over the last decade. Global Food Security, 38, 100721.

doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2023.100721

UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). (2025). Transforming UK food systems (TUKFS) programme: Interim impact evaluation – Annex (Job No. 30303267). UK Research and Innovation.

ukri.org

Economy

Clapp, J., Vriezen, R., Laila, A., Conti, C., Gordon, L., Hicks, C., & Rao, N. (2025). Corporate concentration and power matter for agency in food systems. Food Policy, 134, 102897.

doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2025.102897

Fanzo, J., Haddad, L., Schneider, K. R., Béné, C., Covic, N. M., Guarin, A., Herforth, A. W., Herrero, M., Sumaila, U. R., Aburto, N. J., Amuyunzu-Nyamongo, M., Barquera, S., Battersby, J., Beal, T., Bizzotto Molina, P., Brusset, E., Cafiero, C., Campeau, C., Caron, P., … Rosero Moncayo, J.-L. (2021). Rigorous monitoring is necessary to guide food system transformation in the countdown to the 2030 global goals. Food Policy, 104, 102163.

doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102163

Keenan, L., Monteath, T., & Wojcik, D. (2023). Hungry for power: Financialization and the concentration of corporate control in the global food system. Geoforum, 147, 103909.

doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2023.103909

Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). (2018). Sustainable food systems: Concept and framework. FAO.

fao.org/3/ca2079en/CA2079EN.pdf

International Labour Organization (ILO). (2019). Work for a brighter future: Global Commission on the Future of Work. ILO.

ilo.org

International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems (IPES-Food). (2017). Too big to feed: Exploring the impacts of mega-mergers, concentration, concentration of power in the agri-food sector. IPES-Food.

ipes-food.org

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2020). Competition issues in food supply chains. OECD Publishing.

oecd.org

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2021). Making better policies for food systems. OECD Publishing.

doi.org/10.1787/ddfba4de-en

Parsons, K., & Barling, D. (2021). Food systems transformation: What is in the policy toolbox? Food Systems and Policy Research Group, University of Hertfordshire.

ukfoodsystems.ukri.org

Public Health Scotland. (2024). Diet and healthy weight: A population health perspective. Public Health Scotland.

publichealthscotland.scot

UK Research and Innovation (UKRI). (2025). Transforming UK food systems (TUKFS) programme: Interim impact evaluation – Annex (Job No. 30303267). UK Research and Innovation.

ukri.org